Anatomia óssea, muscular e do movimento das regiões glútea e coxa do Tamanduá bandeira Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Myrmeco phagidae: Pilosa)

Abstract

CHAPTER 2: The giant anteater is the largest species of anteater in the world. An animal is terrestrial, but has some ability to climb tall trees and termite mounds. The hard skeletal structures are of vital importance, since unite and protect the soft organs and allow to sustain the body, forms and engages in movement. The appendicular skeleton is an important part of the locomotor system, whose anatomical information in wildlife are scarce, making it difficult to interpret the data on these bones. This article aims to describe the skeleton of the gluteal region, thigh and leg of the tamanduá bandeira. We used two specimens Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus (1758) fixed to the aqueous formaldehyde solution 3.7%. Initially members were disjointed and was performed to remove the skin, viscera and muscles associated with the bones of the buttock, thigh and leg specimens. Then they were soaked in boiling water and subsequently placed in a solution of hydrogen peroxide. Once clean and dry, the bones were identified and described. The skeleton of the gluteal region of the anteater flag consists of the hip bone, formed by the bones ilium, pubis and ischium, thigh consists of the femur bone, and the leg bones tibia and fibula. In the region of the knee joint is the patella, a sesamoid bone relatively small, given the large animal. The giant anteaters have osteological features of the gluteal region, thigh and leg similar to those of domestic carnivores, however, some differences were evident, which may reflect differences in locomotor patterns. CHAPTER 3: Giant anteaters are known strong animals, which are specialized in the excavation and opening of termites and ants, have a considerably greater muscle volume in the forelimbs compared to hindlimbs. However, the ability to take position on a tripod, denotes significant strength of the muscles of the pelvic members, not just of the forelimbs. Ical description of the various segments of different species has revealed its importance because of the anatomical characterization of the muscles provide relevant information about eating habits, strength and behavior. This paper aims to describe the muscles of the gluteal region of the giant anteater. We used three specimens Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus (1758). The study animals were fixed in aqueous 3.7% formaldehyde and then kept immersed in tanks containing opaque solution the same concentration. The preparation of specimens for analysis followed the dissection techniques customary in gross anatomy. The gluteal region of the specimens consists of the superficial gluteus, gluteus medius, gluteus deep, twin, quadratus femoris and obturator internus. Although significantly lower amount of muscle in the gluteal region compared to other domestic mammals, the flag anteaters have considerable extensibility of hip joint movement also performed by these muscles. CHAPTER 4: The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is a mammal of the order Pilosa which is listed as a species potentially vulnerable to extinction. Being one of the movement that affects the animal's life, knowledge of form and structure of muscles and the possible inferences based on morphology can contribute to advances in preservation and conservation. This article aims at describing the thigh muscles of the giant anteater. We used three specimens Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus (1758). The study animals were fixed in aqueous 3.7% formaldehyde and then kept immersed in tanks containing opaque solution the same concentration. The preparation of specimens for analysis followed the dissection techniques customary in gross anatomy. The thigh of Myrmecophaga tridactyla specimens studied consists of the tensor fascia lata muscles, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, caudal crural abductor, gracilis, pectineus, quadriceps, adductors short, long and magnum and sartorius. These muscles originate from the hip bone and the surface of the middle and proximal femur and insert on the surfaces of the distal femur and proximal and middle thirds of the proximal tibia and fibula, acting on the hip and knee. Because they are responsible for the movement patterns performed on these segments are important in the locomotion of these animals. CHAPTER 5: The movement reveals the mode of travel and behavior of species in their daily needs. According to the different needs of different species, different locomotor patterns are adopted. The forms and points of attachment of muscles on the bones are important determinants of the movements performed in different joints and, therefore, the patterns of movement and movement of living beings. This article aims to involve anatomical, biomechanical and kinesiological the gluteal region and thigh giant anteater to its movement characteristics and locomotor habits. Were used three specimens Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus (1758). The animals used were fixed in aqueous formaldehyde solution 3.7% and then dissected using the usual techniques in gross anatomy. The morphological characteristics of the gluteal and thigh that influence the movement patterns and movement of animals were analyzed and discussed in light of literature. The gluteal region of the giant anteaters consists of the superficial gluteus, gluteus medius, gluteus deep, twin, square femoral and obturator internus. And the thigh by muscles tensor fascia lata, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, caudal crural abductor, gracilis, pectineus, quadriceps, adductors short, long and magnum and sartorius. All the muscles of the gluteal region and thigh of the giant anteater exhibit parallel arrangement of muscle fibers, flat or fusiform. These muscles form joints which act on the type bioalavancas interpotente. These morphological characteristics indicate a predominance of amplitude and speed of movement at the expense of strength. On the other hand other characteristics noted by other authors and observation of movement of the giant anteater indicates the opposite, which reflects the lack of expertise about the habits of that animal locomotion and signals the need for future realization of more detailed studies in this regard.