Atributos físicos do solo, desenvolvimento radicular e produtividade de cana-de-açúcar em preparos de solo em áreas de renovação e expansão

Abstract

The growing demand on renewable fuel, despite oil higher prices and pollutant power has promoted an increase on sugarcane s area in Brazil. Its expansion has been occurring preference at savannah s area occupying pasture and crop. In this context, the project was conducted with the purpose of studying different sugarcane environment production under six different soil tillage, and their effects on, soil physical attributes, root system development and sugarcane yield. The experiment was conducted at Brazilian savannah, from April 2009 through May 2010, in a pasture area and in a sugarcane renew field. There were assessed six different soil tillage in each production environment: 1 -drying + moldboard plough + harrow disk (DAVG); 2 - moldboard plough + harrow disk (AVG); 3 - intermediate harrow disk + moldboard plough + leveler harrow disk (PC); 4 - Zero Tillage (PD); 5- subsoiler (SU) 6 - intermediate harrow disk + disk plough + leveler harrow disk (PCAd) for the expansion environment, being the same ones at the other area but on the treatment 5 and 6 it was used ratton destroyer. The treatments were set prior to sugarcane planting, which was done after mechanical opening the groove for seedpiece deployment. The experimental design was a completely randomized with four replications. Each plot had 13 rows spaced of 1,5 m and 50 meters long. The soil physical attributes evaluated were: macro, micro and total porosity and soil bulk density at three depths: 0 0,20m ; 0,20 0,40m; 0,40 0,60m, on May 2010. Root evaluation was done after the sugarcane harvest using the profile wall and root counting, and by the use of Racine 2 software it was calculated the root length density. In each plot it was opened a trench with 1,5 m length by 0,90m depth. The results were compared between treatments, depth and horizontal distance from the plant. There were evaluated number of stems per meter, 5 middle rows and 30 meters, plant height and diameter, 10 plants, and yield of burned and manually harvested sugarcane, 5 middle rows and 50 meters. On both environment productions soil physical proprieties at zero tillage were similar to all treatments. At the renew area the depth of 0 0,20m presented highest values of RLD. The highest yield was found at moldboard plough areas, on both production environments.