Curvas elípticas e o caso n = 4 da conjectura de Euler

Abstract

From Fermat s last theorem we know that the equation X3 +Y 3 = Z3 does not have nontrivial integral solutions. In 1769 Euler conjectured that this result may be generalized increasing the powers and the number of variables. In this work we give a counterexample to Euler s conjecture in the case of n = 4 showing that the equation A4 + B4 + C4 = D4 has nontrivial integral solutions. To do that we study plane algebraic curves, elliptic curves and use results from number theory, especially those on quadratic reciprocity. The quadratic reciprocity is the key factor in the choice of a particular elliptic curve, such that a solution in that elliptic curve becomes a nontrivial solution of the Euler s equation with n = 4. Finally, the arithmetic of the elliptic curves allows us to find infinite integral solutions for A4 + B4 + C4 = D4.