Harmonização da imagem facial: uma análise crítica da proporção áurea no visagismo e na maquiagem

Abstract

The pursuit of facial harmony has been studied across different fields of knowledge, involving mathematical, aesthetic and artistic concepts. Among the models used to interpret facial harmony, the golden ratio stands out as a mathematical relationship historically associated with the perception of balance and beauty and later incorporated into the analysis of human body proportions. However, its validity as a universal parameter of facial attractiveness remains controversial. In the field of facial aesthetics, the analysis of facial proportions allows an understanding of the relationships between facial structures and their influence on the perception of harmony and symmetry. In parallel, visagism emerges as an approach aimed at constructing personal image based on the analysis of the individual's physical characteristics and identity. In this context, make-up may be used as a tool capable of visually modifying facial proportions through techniques of light, shadow and shape correction. This study aimed to critically analyse the validity of the golden ratio as a parameter of facial harmony, considering its relationship with anthropometry, beauty perception, visagism and the use of make-up as a resource for visual modulation of the facial image. An integrative literature review with a qualitative and descriptive approach was carried out, based on studies addressing the relationship between facial proportions, image construction and make-up techniques applied to facial aesthetics. The evidence analysed indicates that, although anthropometric and morphometric parameters are useful for the objective assessment of the face, the golden ratio lacks consistent scientific support as a universal standard of beauty. The perception of facial harmony is multifactorial and influenced by morphological, population, cultural and individual characteristics. Visagism and make-up may therefore contribute to the harmonisation of the facial image when applied individually, valuing each person's own features rather than rigidly applying universal mathematical models.