Análise térmica de habitações emergenciais em contêineres situados em cidades portuárias pertencentes a diferentes zonas bioclimáticas

Abstract

The growing need for sustainable housing solutions that can be implemented quickly in emergency situations caused by natural disasters, conflicts, and humanitarian crises has been growing exponentially. In line with this demand, the choice of containers for housing purposes is well suited to these situations due to the accumulation of disused modules in ports and the potential for reusing these structures as modular elements in civil construction. Although containers are a good construction solution for this purpose, they present challenges in relation to overheating inside. The literature presents studies on insulating elements associated with the envelope in order to reduce heat gains, but studies that correlate the use of containers as housing with bioclimatic thermal adaptation strategies are scarce. In this sense, this research aimed to analyse the thermal performance of emergency housing in shipping containers in different port cities located in different bioclimatic zones. The analyses were performed using computer simulations integrating BIM-BES with Revit and Design Builder software. Natural ventilation and shading strategies were tested, as well as three types of roofing: thermoacoustic with EPS, reflective, and green roof. For the envelope, the application of thermal insulation previously tested in the study by Da Costa et al. (2024) was considered. The simulation scenarios were developed based on a combination of bioclimatic strategies and applied in the port cities of Santos (AF), Los Angeles (CSA), and Shanghai (CFA). The results indicated that for Santos, the combination of shading, ventilation and green roof strategies (MVSV) showed a reduction of up to 14.47ºC and an increase of up to 9 hours within the operating temperature range in summer, at critical times. For Los Angeles, the same solution (MVSV) proved to be efficient in this same scenario, with a reduction of 11.33ºC and an increase of up to 8 hours within the limit range. For Shanghai, the combined use of shading and green roof strategies stands out, reducing temperatures by up to 11.85ºC and remaining 7 hours longer within the operating temperature limits. It was observed that the use of bioclimatic strategies can mitigate the problems of internal overheating in this type of housing, providing better conditions of use and reducing the need for mechanical cooling/heating systems.