Saneamento rural no bairro Val Paraíso em Uberlândia/MG: propostas de tecnologias de tratamento de efluentes domésticos

Abstract

In rural areas without access to public sewage collection and treatment networks, the absence of any type of adequate sewage system is common. This situation represents a serious risk to the environment due to soil and water body contamination and a direct threat to human health. For this reason, it is important to know the appropriate solutions in these locations and to evaluate viable technologies aimed at improving sanitary conditions. Thus, this work seeks to present some of the existing domestic sewage treatment units in the Val Paraíso neighborhood located in the municipality of Uberlândia - MG, in addition to discussing some of the technologies available as alternatives to be implemented in the area. The general objective is to contextualize the domestic sewage collection and treatment solutions already implemented in the studied area by the residents and, in parallel, to present the design of a treatment system composed of a septic tank and soakaway, based on technical and legal standards, as a suitable alternative for the studied region. The methodology adopted initially consisted of surveying the local conditions of domestic sewage collection and treatment, through the identification of the solutions used by the residents of the Val Paraíso neighborhood. Next, an analysis of available technologies for sewage treatment in areas without a public network was carried out, focusing on individual systems. Subsequently, the technical dimensioning of a septic tank and a soakaway pit was performed, considering normative criteria, as well as estimating the costs involved in implementing these systems. Finally, a proposal for an educational booklet aimed at raising awareness in the local community was developed. After surveying the local conditions, the use of rudimentary septic tanks, the inadequate disposal of greywater in public roads, and the sporadic presence of some already implemented alternatives for domestic sewage treatment were observed, practices that significantly contribute to environmental degradation and increased health risks for the population. It can be concluded that the Val Paraíso neighborhood needs technical and educational solutions focused on rural sanitation. Implementing systems such as septic tanks and soakaways, which represent a viable, low-cost, and technically adequate alternative for the Val Paraíso neighborhood, in addition to environmental awareness campaigns for the population, aimed at adopting sustainable practices and disseminating the importance of basic sanitation in rural areas.