Práticas sustentáveis na agricultura familiar em Canápolis, MG

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the sustainable practices adopted in family farming in the municipality of Canápolis, MG, with an emphasis on soil management techniques. The research focuses on identifying the most common solutions used by family farmers, the challenges faced, and the opportunities to expand the implementation of these practices, with the objective of promoting soil protection, improving food security, and contributing to sustainable rural development. The methodology was conducted using a qualitative and quantitative approach, employing semi-structured interviews with 6 family farmers from the municipality of Canápolis, one of whom also works as an agricultural technician, which allowed for a privileged view of the difficulties and potential of technical assistance in the region. Participants were selected by "snowball" sampling, and the interviews addressed the practices adopted, which include no till farming, crop rotation, and organic fertilization. After transcription, the content of the conversations was analyzed based on the content analysis technique. The information gathered was then complemented with data from the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) and the Sustainable Development Index of Cities (IDSC). The results show that practices such as no-till farming, crop rotation, and organic fertilization reduce erosion and improve soil quality. However, their expansion is limited by a lack of technical assistance, dependence on external inputs, financial constraints, and resistance from farmers. The technician interviewed confirmed that resistance to change and insufficient training are the main obstacles. Data from the IDSC reinforce this scenario, indicating that Canápolis has a low level of sustainable development (48.61). Complementary analysis of the IDSC indicators points to weaknesses, especially in dimensions related to sustainable agriculture and responsible consumption, in line with SDGs 2 and 12. It is concluded that increased government support for family farming is fundamental, through effective public policies such as accessible credit lines, the creation of a municipal program for continuous technical assistance, and a technical training program aligned with the SDGs, to promote the widespread adoption of sustainable practices. These measures are essential to guarantee soil protection, food security, and sustainable development in the municipality of Canápolis, MG. Keywords: sustainable practices, soil protection, family farming, Canápolis MG.