As assimetrias Norte-Sul e o princípio das responsabilidades comuns, porém diferenciadas na aplicação dos ODS ambientais da Agenda 2030: um olhar sobre o caso brasileiro (2015-2025)

Abstract

This article analyzes the tensions between the universality of the environmental Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda and the Principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR), focusing on the Brazilian case between 2015 and 2025. It starts from the hypothesis that, although CBDR formally acknowledges historical and structural asymmetries between developed and developing countries, the universal application of the SDGs tends to downplay these differences, thereby limiting their practical effectiveness. The research adopts a qualitative, exploratory, and analytical methodology based on the examination of official documents, national reports, and data on Brazilian environmental policies, articulated with a critical theoretical framework grounded in decolonial theory and Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL). The study specifically examines SDGs 12, 13, 15, and 17, highlighting how their implementation takes place within a context marked by North–South structural inequalities, technological dependency, and domestic institutional constraints. It concludes that reconciling universal goals with national realities remains contested, revealing the limits of differentiation when operationalized within a historically hierarchical international order.