Fatores que influenciam a aprendizagem de habilidades motoras na ginástica artística: uma revisão sistemática dos últimos 30 anos

Abstract

Introduction: Artistic gymnastics is a sport that requires the development and mastery of several motor skills. Objective: This systematic review aims to identify and analyze the main factors that influence the learning of these skills, based on scientific studies published in recent decades. Methods: From the analysis of 33 articles selected from the PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases, using the PRISMA 2020 strategy, it was observed that factors such as type of instruction, feedback, mental practice, attentional focus, practice variability, and modeling strategies directly affect motor performance and the learning process in gymnasts. Results: Most studies indicated that approaches involving external focus, selfcontrolled feedback, observation of expert models, and the inclusion of mental and varied practice present better outcomes in terms of skill acquisition and retention. The discussion was structured based on the evidence extracted from the included articles, highlighting the methods used, the main findings, and their implications for coaches and physical education professionals. Conclusion: It is concluded that the effectiveness of motor learning in artistic gymnastics depends on the strategic combination of multiple instructional variables, making the critical and planned role of professionals involved in teaching the sport essential.