Síndrome cardiorrenal tipo 2 em cães: estudo retrospectivo

Abstract

The cardiac-renal axis shows a strong correlation, in which dysfunction of one of these organs can directly affect the other, either chronically or acutely. This pathophysiological connection is defined as cardiorenal syndrome, which can be subdivided into five groups according to the primary origin of the disease: acute cardiorenal syndrome, chronic cardiorenal syndrome, acute renocardiac syndrome, chronic renocardiac syndrome, and secondary syndrome. In Veterinary Medicine, the chronic cardiorenal form of this condition is particularly prevalent in dogs with mitral valve disorders, and its occurrence can be associated with the use of medications, such as loop diuretics, which are commonly administered to dogs affected by myxomatous mitral valve disease. Considering the lack of a precise definition of the syndrome’s pathophysiology and the complex nature of its diagnosis, the present study aims to analyze the incidence of dogs diagnosed with mitral valve disease that subsequently develop signs of renal dysfunction, based on cases recorded at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia between 2021 and 2025. A total of 400 dogs were evaluated during this period, of which 91 met the previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among these, 10 developed type 2 CRS. Fisher’s test was performed and did not show a significant association between CRS type 2 and death of the animal (p = 0.087). However, when evaluating the probability of edema development, the occurrence of CRS type 2 showed statistical significance (p = 0.0033), possibly related to the use and dosage of loop diuretics as part of the treatment for these patients. Based on these results, the occurrence of type 2 CRS was 10.98% among dogs with DMVM.