Comparação de ferramentas de triagem nutricional em pacientes cirúrgicos: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Objective: To compare the accuracy of nutritional screening tools for identifying nutritional risk in adult and elderly patients undergoing surgical procedures. Method: The study consists of an integrative literature review, searching electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, LILACS, SciELO, and CAPES Journal Portal, using the keyword "nutritional screening tools" associated with the descriptors "nutritional status," "surgical patient," and "malnutrition." Observational studies comparing at least two nutritional screening tools in adult and elderly surgical patients, published in the last 10 years, in Portuguese, English, or Spanish were included. Results: Initially 208 articles were found, with 9 articles selected after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected studies included 6,746 patients undergoing different types of surgery and applied various nutritional screening methods, with the highest prevalence being: Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), and Mini Nutritional Assessment - Short Form (MNA-SF). The performance of the tools varied according to the heterogeneity of factors such as type of surgery, studied population, and perioperative timing of tool application. Conclusion: There is no ideal universal tool for all surgical contexts, with the choice being conditioned by the type of surgery, population characteristics, and prioritized clinical outcomes, highlighting the need for an individualized approach in perioperative nutritional screening.