Eletrificação veicular no Brasil: desafios institucionais e de infraestrutura

Abstract

Global concern with the emission of polluting gases and the so-called "decarbonization" in the automotive transportation sector is increasingly present in economic debates. In this context, various sustainable alternatives, such as electric vehicles and biofuels, have been introduced into the sector's energy transition. The present study, through a methodology that combines qualitative and quantitative analyses and a literature review, seeks to understand whether vehicle electrification is, in fact, the most suitable solution for Brazil, or if a complementary model with biofuels would be more effective. The work concludes that large-scale electrification will be impacted by the institutional configurations of the existing biofuels matrix and the precarious charging infrastructure of the country. Thus, the study suggests that the most effective solution for the Brazilian reality lies in a complementary model that takes advantage of both the opportunities with traditional biofuels (ethanol, biodiesel) and innovations (green hydrogen, second-generation ethanol), as well as hybrid technology, for a gradual transition aligned with national particularities.