Avaliação retrospectiva do sucesso clínico de reabilitações suportadas com implantes zigomáticos

Abstract

This study retrospectively evaluated the clinical success, survival, and complications associated with full rehabilitations of atrophic maxillae supported by zygomatic implants combined with conventional implants. It was designed as an observational cross-sectional study and included 20 patients rehabilitated with this technique, with a mean follow-up of 18.55 ± 6.08 months. A total of 109 implants were analyzed, of which 39 were zygomatic and 70 were conventional. Clinical analyses included visible plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and the presence of mobility or suppuration. Prosthetic assessment comprised screw loosening, fractures, and marginal fit, while radiographic evaluation was performed using digital imaging to measure marginal bone loss. Patient records were also reviewed. Success criteria adopted in this study were marginal bone loss <2 mm, absence of mobility, and absence of suppuration. The results showed high survival rates, with 100% for zygomatic implants and 98.5% for conventional implants, low incidence of prosthetic complications, and functional improvement of the prostheses. However, zygomatic implants demonstrated a higher prevalence of peri-implantitis (9.17% vs. 3.66%) and a greater proportion of implants not meeting all success criteria (14.67% vs. 6.42%), as well as sinusitis in 20% of the patients. It is concluded that the use of zygomatic implants is a predictable and effective alternative for the rehabilitation of atrophic maxillae, but it requires strict hygiene protocols and adequate clinical expertise. Longitudinal studies with longer follow-up periods are still needed to confirm predictability and to reduce medium- and long-term complications.