Fatores determinantes da intenção de doar sangue: uma análise comparativa de doadores e não doadores na cidade de Uberlândia/MG.

Abstract

Background: Blood donation is an essential act for public health, but it faces challenges related to the low uptake of new donors. Given this reality, in which behavioral, social and economic factors affect the recruitment of donors, the research investigates the factors determining the intention to donate blood, considering the motivations of donors and non-donors. Objective: To analyze the factors that influence the intention to donate blood in the city of Uberlândia-MG considering aspects such as attitudes, social norms, perceived control, reference groups, altruism and motivation. Method: The research uses a quantitative approach, employing structural equation modeling to examine the interrelationships between the variables studied. Data were collected through questionnaires applied to donors and non-donors, allowing us to identify the factors that most impact donation intention and behavior. Results: The main findings indicate that perceived behavioral control and attitude toward donation are crucial factors in the intention to donate blood. Altruism and motivation are factors that are influenced by attitude and subjective norms, but were not determinants for the intention to donate. Interestingly, subjective norms did not have the expected effect on the intention to donate, just as reference groups did not moderate any of the factors analyzed. Adherence to the PPGAdm concentration area (Regionality and Management): The research aligns with the area of Regionality and Management by exploring the local specificities of blood donation and its relationship with the management of public health policies. The analysis of the factors that influence donation contributes to the development of effective regional strategies, connecting consumer behavior to the management of essential resources. Impact and innovative nature of intellectual production: The study contributes theoretically by developing an integrated model that evaluates blood donation from a multidimensional perspective. The innovative nature lies in the application of structural equation modeling to identify the influence of psychological and social factors, providing an analytical framework that can be replicated in other regions. Economic, social and regional impact: The results can support more effective social marketing strategies to increase the number of regular donors, ensuring a stable blood supply. Reports with recommendations for targeted campaigns can be prepared for blood banks and public agencies, positively impacting the health of the population and reducing costs associated with blood shortages. Regional implications: The research provides support for the formulation of public policies and strategic actions aimed at attracting donors in the Uberlândia region and in other locations served by UFU. Understanding regional motivations and barriers enables more assertive interventions in the management of blood donation. Sustainable Development Goals met by the research: The research directly contributes to the following SDGs of the UN 2030 Agenda: SDG 3 – Good Health and Well-being: By proposing strategies to increase blood donation, the availability of a vital resource for the treatment of various medical conditions is improved; and SDG 17 – Partnerships and Means of Implementation: The research can stimulate cooperation between blood centers, universities and public managers to improve blood donation policies.