Principais técnicas utilizadas na recuperação de áreas degradadas pela extração de cascalho - revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

The present work presents the main techniques used in Degraded Area Recovery Plans (PRADs), focusing on gravel extraction areas, as mining activities in general are very broad, involving various types of minerals. Each mineral is extracted in a specific way, causing different impacts and types of degradation. Gravel extraction mainly affects soil quality and topography, vegetation that needs to be removed, hydrography due to sediment runoff, and air quality due to particulate matter emissions, such as dust. Environmental licensing, governed by federal, state, and municipal laws and regulations, is a way to prevent and mitigate these negative environmental impacts. When it is not possible to avoid such impacts, it is necessary to intervene with recovery techniques, such as topographic restoration, which can be achieved through slope stabilization, terracing, palisades, among others; soil preparation, through ant control, scarification, pitting, fertilization, etc.; revegetation, which involves introducing native plants or creating a suitable area for natural regeneration; and, finally, monitoring and maintaining the area to ensure the plan's success. It is essential to study the area of interest and analyze the level of degradation so that recovery techniques are applied according to the characteristics and needs of the location.