Fontes e doses de fertilizantes na soja (Glycine max)

Abstract

The Cerrado of Goiás, having great importance in its biodiversity and ecology, in addition to its extension and agricultural applicability, faces challenges for agricultural production, such as its low natural fertility and acidity, but even so, it remains one of the main areas for the cultivation of soybean (Glycine max L.), a crop of great economic relevance, with high nutritional requirements to achieve high yields. In this context, the use of organomineral fertilizers (FOM) emerges as a promising alternative to increase efficiency in the use of nutrients and promote more sustainable agriculture. Mineral fertilizers with a high concentration of nutrients are widely used, but organomineral fertilizers have gained prominence for combining minerals and organics, offering benefits such as, reducing losses due to leaching and volatilization. These fertilizers include an organic matrix that increases nutrient efficiency, aiding in the use of agricultural by-products and improving soil structure. The experiment was carried out at the Quilombo farm in the municipality of Silvânia-GO and was composed of a randomized block design (DBC), in a 4x4+1 factorial scheme with four replications. The qualitative factor was formed by four types of fertilizers from different sources: conventional mineral, organomineral with granular cellulosic by-product (Org.1), organomineral with granular chicken litter (Org.2) and organomineral with pelletized agro- industrial by-product (Org.3). Another quantitative factor analyzed was formed by four doses, according to the amount of phosphorus (40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1) and control with zero dosage. Morphological and yield variables (kg ha-1) were evaluated, such as stand, plant height, root dry mass, stem diameter and thousand-grain mass, as well as chemical evaluations of leaves and soil. The evaluations were carried out in the harvest (23/24). The results showed that organomineral fertilizers presented performance comparable to mineral fertilizer in several variables analyzed, with organomineral 3 presenting better performance in relation to the variable of stem diameter and conventional mineral in relation to the sum of bases and base saturation. However, these results reinforce the competitiveness and viability of the use of organominerals in the Cerrado biome of Goiás, being an alternative to reduce dependence on fertilizer imports and destination of by-products from agroindustries, which would previously be discarded, thus having an appeal for sustainability.