Torção de lobo hepático em coelho (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Abstract

Hepatic lobe torsion is a rare gastrointestinal condition characterized by the rotation of a liver lobe around its pedicle. It has been documented in several animal species, with rabbits being more commonly affected. Affected animals often present with nonspecific signs such as anorexia, lethargy, and reduced fecal output. Laboratory findings typically reveal mild to moderate anemia, elevated hepatic enzymes, and possible hyperbilirubinemia. The prognosis ranges from guarded to poor, primarily due to the rapid progression of the condition, in addition to various other factors that remain not fully elucidated. Recommended treatment may include surgical intervention via resection of the affected lobe (lobectomy) combined with intensive supportive care, or conservative medical management aimed at resolving clinical signs and restoring homeostasis. This report describes a fatal case of hepatic lobe torsion in a rabbit presented for evaluation with hyporexia and decreased fecal volume and size. Physical examination revealed abdominal distension, hypomotility, and discomfort upon palpation. Imaging studies indicated findings consistent with gastric compaction, intestinal obstruction, and gastrointestinal stasis. Symptomatic treatment was initiated; however, the animal’s condition deteriorated rapidly, leading to death. Gross pathological findings included a congested caudate hepatic lobe with pedicle torsion. The remaining hepatic tissue exhibited hepatic lipidosis. Additional findings included hemoperitoneum, pulmonary edema and congestion, and gastric congestion. Histopathological analysis revealed hepatitis, coagulative necrosis, moderate hepatic lipidosis, as well as pulmonary congestion, edema, and emphysema, highlighting the severe systemic alterations caused by hepatic torsion. It is concluded that exploratory laparotomy, despite being an invasive procedure, should be performed promptly in animals presenting with clinical signs, given the rapid onset of hepatic necrosis and severe hemodynamic disturbances.