Desdolarização sob a ótica do BRICS: Um debate sobre a hegemonia do dólar no Sistema Monetário Internacional

Abstract

The International Monetary System has been under the aegis of the dollar since 1945, allowing the United States to enjoy exorbitant macroeconomic privileges. However, crises in capitalism, especially that of 2008, have shaken international confidence in the currency, leading to frequent debates about its abandonment as the international monetary standard. In this sense, BRICS is gaining notoriety by encouraging the search for alternatives to the current global financial order through the use of new monetary units, payment technologies and banking institutions. Its expansion in January 2024 re-signifies the importance of the group for discussion, as it increases the possibility of making significant changes to the international financial scenario. This paper, therefore, uses bibliographic, document and news analysis to investigate whether the dollar's hegemony is declining as a result of the BRICS' actions, especially after its recent expansion. The study shows that the dollar is collapsing, but the existing alternatives to its use do not yet have the capacity to completely overthrow it.