Análise dialélica em Soja nas gerações f1 e f2 visando caracteres agronômicos e produção de grãos

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) productivity in Brazil, attributed to advances in genetic improvement that have enormously boosted grain production. The careful selection of soybean parents is crucial in creating populations with high genetic potential and variability. Diallel analysis is a valuable tool in selecting parents and understanding the genetic effects involved in the inheritance of traits. With this in mind, the objective of this study was to evaluate the combinatorial capacity of four soybean parents and their hybrid combinations in the F1 and F2 generations through partial diallel crosses, with the aim of identifying promising parents and combinations for soybean improvement. The research was carried out at the Capim Branco Experimental Farm and the Glória Experimental Farm, both located at the Federal University of Uberlândia-MG. The segregating populations were generated in 2022. The specific cultivars used were TMG 7363 RR, TMG 7161 RR, NA 7337 RR and BRS 511, which have desirable characteristics, such as high production potential, adaptability and resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. By crossing these cultivars in six different combinations, F1 and F2 populations were generated. Several characteristics were evaluated including hypocotyl and epicotyl height, number of nodes, plant height at flowering, number of days to flowering and maturity, number of pods with 1, 2 and 3 grains, total number of pods, total number of grains and production of grains per plant. The data obtained in these evaluations were analyzed using the GENES software, which involved analysis of variance, cluster analysis and diallel tests. From diallel analysis, it was determined that the cultivar TMG 7161 RR showed exceptional performance as a parent in terms of increasing the number of three-grain pods, total number of pods and number of seeds per pod in the F1 generation. Furthermore, it contributed to the reduction of the cycle in the F2 generation. Among the various cultivars examined, NA 7337 exhibited exceptional qualities as a parent in terms of total pod count in the F2 generation. Notable pairs showing potential include NA 7337 RR X BRS 511, BRS 511 X TMG 7363 RR and 7161 RR X TMG 7363 RR.