Teste de caminhada de seis minutos como protocolo de admissão e alta da reabilitação cardíaca em enfermarias hospitalares: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for 17.3 million deaths annually. They are also the number one cause of death in Brazil. Factors that can worsen the clinical condition of heart disease patients after surgery and even increase their expectation of hospital discharge are the repercussions of the procedures, which can result in physiological changes, fatigue and pain, interfering with functional capacity. For adequate recovery, it is necessary to implement a cardiac rehabilitation plan while still in the hospital. To this end, it is necessary to use an easily accessible and low-cost tool in the hospital environment, such as the six-minute walk test (6MWT). This study is a bibliographic review, carried out in the main databases, with 17 scientific papers in English and Portuguese, from the last 15 years. According to the literature review, the 6MWT is an instrument with good applicability, providing data on the patient's physiological profile before and after interventions, indicating that the distance covered in the test is an important indicator of mortality and functional capacity. Therefore, the 6MWT can be easily applied, without the need for high-cost resources, and is also capable of providing information that assists in planning adequate cardiac rehabilitation, both at hospital admission and discharge.