Existem diferenças nos resultados do treinamento com maquinas quando comparado ao treinamento com pesos livres na musculação?

Abstract

The study addresses weight training, comparing exercises with free weights and machines, highlighting the motor control required for free weights in contrast to the stability provided by machines. Previous research indicates benefits from both methods, but there are gaps regarding the specific differences in neural and functional adaptations between them. Studies from 1977 to 2022 were reviewed on the PubMed and SciELO platforms, using terms related to training with free weights and machines. Systematic reviews and paid articles were excluded. Free weights were defined as three-dimensionally movable objects, while machines included equipment with joints, pulleys, and guides. Seventeen relevant articles were analyzed. The studies compared muscle strength, electromyographic activation, functionality, hormonal modulation, and hemodynamic responses between free weights and machines. The results showed that both methods increase strength and muscle activation, with no significant differences. However, free-weight exercises may produce greater muscle activation and acute hormonal responses due to greater muscle involvement and movement complexity. Nevertheless, both free weights and machines are effective for strength gains and functionality, with slight differences in muscle activation and hormonal responses. The choice between them can be based on specific training goals and individual needs, as both offer significant benefits for health and physical performance.