Evolução do cuidado em pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família de Araguari-MG

Abstract

Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the main cause of death in the world. Among them, we can highlight arterial hypertension (AH) and diabetes mellitus (DM), which have a high prevalence in the Brazilian population. In this sense, we know that primary care is the gateway for patients who need adequate follow-up through longitudinality. This study aimed to identify the evolution of hypertensive and diabetic patients monitored at a Basic Family Health Unit (UBSF) in Araguari, Minas Gerais, between 2017 and 2021. This is a longitudinal, time series study that addressed sociodemographic variables (gender, age, color/race, education), anthropometric (weight), behavioral (smoking, alcoholism and physical activity) and clinical variables (exams such as total cholesterol and fractions, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, creatinine, urea), through the analysis of the patients' records. In a total of 468 patients, it was found that the majority were female, white, with complete primary education and mean age of 60.9 years. In addition, most patients were sedentary and reported not having private health insurance. There was also a high prevalence of AH and DM, and these patients were the ones who attended the health unit the most. Regarding the weight of the patients, lower mean weights were observed in patients who underwent 11 or more consultations. Regarding HDL-cholesterol, an oscillation was observed over the years, with the highest values being in patients with 11 or more visits. Regarding LDL-cholesterol, it was found that the highest average was in the year 2017 in patients who underwent 11 or more consultations (148.8 mg/dl). Regarding total cholesterol, the highest average found was 201.3 mg/dl in the year 2021 and the lowest values were found in patients who underwent 11 or more consultations. Regarding triglycerides, the lowest average was verified in 2019 (147.6 mg/dl) and the highest values were found in patients with 11 or more consultations. Regarding creatinine and urea, the values were similar over the years. Fasting glucose values varied between 104 and 124 mg/dl, with the highest values in the years 2020 and 2021. Regarding glycated hemoglobin, we observed that the highest values observed in the years 2019 to 2021 were in patients with 11 or more consultations, which demonstrated the importance and need to strengthen the monitoring carried out by the health team.