Avaliação temporal dos protocolos de Reanimação Cardiopulmonar: Aplicabilidade clínica para Enfermagem

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most serious public health problems and are the main cause of death for the world population. Health professionals must be quick to detect a Cardiorespiratory Arrest and the updated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation protocols aim to guide assistance through a sequence of information or algorithm that determines the steps necessary for an effective recovery of life. OBJECTIVE: To describe the main actions and procedures carried out in the care of an adult cardiopulmonary arrest victim, over the last 20 years. METHOD: Review descriptive and socio-historical literature of the American Heart Association's Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation protocols from the 2000 guidelines until the last update in 2020. And a narrative review in the Virtual Health Library of the Ministry of Health database and Nursing Database, Literature platforms Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online on the importance of training in CPR protocols for the nursing team. RESULTS: Two distinct care flows were created in the chain of survival, one for In-hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and the other for Out-of-hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in 2015 and the sixth link was added in 2020. The mnemonic sequence of care A-B-C-D was modified to C-A-B since 2010. Chest compressions, from 100 comps/min to 100 to 120 comps/min and the depth of compression, became a minimum of 5 cm and a maximum of 6 cm, in adults in the 2015 update. Since 2005 the relationship compression/ventilation ratio increased to 30:2 in adults. In the 2015 update, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation must begin until the defibrillator arrives within 3 minutes. The advanced airway ventilation rate increased to 10 vents/min in 2015. Use of capnography since the 2010 update. Epinephrine was standardized at a dosage of 1 mg and atropine was removed from the protocol in 2010, vasopressin was removed from the protocol in 2015, the dosages of amiodarone and lidocaine were updated in 2019. In post-cardiorespiratory arrest care, a graphic algorithm divided into two parts was created in 2020, and in the same year the recovery link was created. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: To ensure faster and high-quality emergency assistance related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation, it is essential to emphasize the importance of constant training, ongoing education and training for the nursing team and other professionals using updated AHA Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation protocols. The main purpose of these health professionals is to be encouraged to make safe decisions.