O tratamento de venezuelanos no Brasil: uma questão humanitária ou político-ideológica?

Abstract

The present study aims to analyze how Brazil has dealt with the issue of Venezuelan migration, arising from a political, economic and social crisis that has occurred in Venezuela since 2015. The central focus is on the way these migrants are received and regularized in the country, as well as the potential instrumentalization of Brazilian immigration policy for political and ideological purposes. Initially, the approach adopted for the regularization of Venezuelans was the temporary residence permit. However, since 2019, prima facie recognition based on the Cartagena Declaration has been established. The change can be interpreted by the humanitarian bias of the Cartagena paradigm, but on the other hand, questions are raised about Jair Bolsonaro's ideological articulation of Venezuelan refugees in Brazil. The objective of the research, therefore, is to verify the existence of a theoretical foundation that explains the paradigm shift regarding the reception of Venezuelan migrants in Brazil carried out by the Bolsonaro government, in the light of his political and ideological interests. In order to analyze the present theme and achieve the proposed objectives, a hypothetical-deductive approach will be used, combining descriptive and explanatory elements through bibliographic and documentary techniques as research procedures. In conclusion, despite a seemingly humanitarian approach of facilitated recognition for Venezuelans in 2019, Bolsonaro has a contradictory posture towards migration, which is confirmed with the arrival of the pandemic and the discretionary closure of the borders with Venezuela - demonstrating that humanitarianism is used only when convenient, instrumentalized to the detriment of his political and ideological values.