As Políticas Educacionais Mineiras aos Modi Operandi do Neoliberalismo: Dos governos de Aécio Neves ao governo de Romeu Zema (2003- 2022)

Abstract

This research is linked to the State, Policies and Education Management Research Line of the Graduate Program in Education at the Federal University of Uberlândia, with the objective of understanding the modi operandi of neoliberalism in the educational policies of Minas Gerais during the Aécio Neves governments until Romeu Zema government (2003-2022). To respond to this delimited objective, we adopted historical-dialectical materialism as a way of apprehending reality, by exploring it in its entirety, analyzing the contradictions, to extract, to the maximum, the relationship between neoliberalism and Minas Gerais educational policies, in their approximations and distances. This is a qualitative research, in which we used bibliographical and documental research. The bibliographical research contributed to the discussion and understanding of the fundamental themes of the research, such as the neoliberal State, the international, national and regional context (Minas Gerais) of neoliberalism, the business reform of education, the context of creation and principles of the political parties of the rulers, policies educational institutions that have already been analyzed, among others. With regard to documentary research, we gathered, as a primary source, several official documents from the PSDB, PT and NOVO political parties, such as: the Statute of the parties; Minutes; Terms of Commitment; Manifests; Plans; Letters of Principles, among other official documents, such as government plans, Ordinances, Provisional Measures, Bills, Laws, notices, referring to the governments of Aécio Neves (2003-2010), Antonio Anastasia (2010-2014), Fernando Pimentel ( 2015-2018) and Romeu Zema (2019-2022). As secondary sources, we gathered scientific articles by researchers from the reality of Minas Gerais, to assist in the analysis process. In the analyses, we identified the relationship between the principles and foundations of political parties with the neoliberal modus operandi in Minas Gerais educational policies. The state of Minas Gerais was strongly influenced by the national context of the Administrative Reform Plan, implemented during the FHC government, but carried out by the program started in the Aécio Neves government (2003), entitled “Choque de Gestão”, which focused on results-based management, bringing to the educational field policies such as rewards for productivity, emphasis on SIMAVE, and a non-dialogical and anti-democratic relationship with education actors. The government of Anastasia (2010) established continuity in the educational policies of Aécio Neves, with a brief discontinuity, with the entry of the Workers' Party, under the government of Pimentel, which began by establishing dialogue with the class of teachers, promising commitment and changes, however, little was accomplished, to the detriment of the state of financial calamity that occurred during his administration, in 2016, thus demonstrating a neoliberal modus operandi that puts the state at the service of capital and harms social areas. Zema's government demonstrated the similarity of the party's objectives with what is effective in the management of Minas Gerais, establishing a neoliberal modus operandi based on competitiveness, on the decentralization of State responsibilities, on the transfer of responsibilities to municipalities and private entities, with a focus on in managerial management and in evaluation as a regulatory mechanism. We emphasize that the modi operandi of neoliberalism in educational policies in Minas Gerais had many similarities, demonstrating how neoliberalism, in fact, has become effective as a new reason for the world.