Intervenções sobre a vergonha na perspectiva da terapia focada na compaixão: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Shame is a universal feeling, evolutionarily selected as a regulator of the individual's interpersonal behavior. It is an intense experience linked to feelings of inferiority, defectiveness, impotence, with negative psychological and behavioral consequences when experienced in a very unregulated way. Objective: To compare clinical protocols to regulate feelings of shame and to verify whether compassion-focused therapy (CFT) is effective in addressing this feeling.. Procedures: Studies were selected from databases (BVS Saúde, MEDLINE; PsychINFO; Google acadêmico; CAFe). Those that proposed a clinical intervention in the therapy approach focused on compassion to work on the feeling of shame were included, including articles, dissertations and theses. Data were analyzed using a systematic review. Results: Analyzed together, the studies showed that the care protocols have common elements, which are in line with the Compassionate Mind Training developed by Paul Gilbert, including psychoeducation on shame and compassion, mindfulness exercises, experiential techniques and others, and some divergences can be identified. Regarding effectiveness, studies point to compassion-focused therapy as a viable intervention to work on feelings of shame through the development of self-compassion. Conclusion: Compassion-focused therapy is a viable, promising and effective alternative to work on feelings of shame. However, it is necessary to note that shame, as a negatively stable construct, may require more intervention time than the time available in the analyzed studies.