A mulher jornalista: análise da postura de repórteres telejornalistas esportivas mediante situação de machismo e assédio em coberturas de desporto

Abstract

Journalism, an activity traditionally composed almost exclusively of men, over the years has undergone gradual changes, especially with the entry of women into the formal job market, mainly in the field of sports journalism, which took place through a lot of struggle and, remaining in the territory already conquered by them also requires a daily struggle against the patriarchy still present in this environment, sexism and harassment. Based on this concern, this study aimed to understand, based on cultural and audiovisual analysis, the changes in posture assumed by female sports reporters in the face of harassment and machismo situations during the exercise of their profession. Therefore, from a methodological point of view, this monograph used the analysis of multiple cases, proposed by Yin (2015) as a study method, as well as the description of cases in terms of image and sound, proposed by Rose (2008) and was guided by the cultural study proposed by Hall (2016). Four cases of journalists who experienced harassment while covering sports between the years 2018 and 2022 were selected, the professionals being: Bruna Dealtry, Julia Guimarães, Laura Zago and Jéssica Dias. In this way, we sought to analyze the cultural scenario both from the time of the events to the present day, trying to understand what changed between the cases between the period 2018 to 2022, the period that is the focus of this research. It is concluded that there has been a change in the attitude of these telejournalists and these changes are contributing to women gaining more and more space in the sports market. It was also concluded that women, even realizing that they were victims of harassment, from a non-consensual kiss on the cheek, over the years and with social changes, began to impose themselves in the face of harassment situations, until they assumed the posture adopted by reporter Jéssica Dias in 2022. It is not possible to say that the posture of stopping what was being done and not continuing with what had been proposed, as Jéssica Dias did after being harassed, however, it is believed that due to through the perspective analyzes of the videos, it is noted that through the posture adopted by them, due to the recurrence of these cases, the women television journalists themselves are already realizing the violence and harassment of which they are constant victims and are putting themselves in a more active role, adopting another type of posture, more imposing. This research work shows that, even slowly, over the years there has been a social movement in relation to female sports journalists, which, even if not in such an immersive way, is mobilizing the professional environment. Therefore, it is concluded that the posture adopted by sports journalism professionals also exposes encouragement and, with that, perhaps causes possible social and cultural changes, which, if widely discussed, can bring changes to the current and future cultural context and scenario.