Efeito do laser vermelho no tratamento da periodontite experimental em animais hiperglicêmicos.

Abstract

Periodontal disease is characterized as an inflammatory disease induced by microorganisms organized in a biofilm. Laser therapy has been indicated as a good alternative to adjunctive therapy for the treatment of periodontal disease with or without a photosensitizer. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of low-intensity red laser therapy on periodontal repair after treatment of induced periodontitis in normo- and hyperglycemic rats. 32 rats were allocated into 4 groups of 8 animals each according to the systemic condition and the type of treatment the animals were submitted to: CTR-N: Normoglycemic animals + Ligation removal; RL-N: Normoglycemic animals + Ligature removal + Red laser irradiation; CTR-H: Hyperglycemic animals + Ligation removal; RL-H: Hyperglycemic animals + Ligature removal + Red laser irradiation. Periodontitis was induced by installing cotton thread ligatures around the upper second molar bilaterally and will be maintained for 7 days. Fifteen days after the ligatures were removed, the animals were euthanized and the following analyzes were performed: 1) Microtomography to assess the volume of the mineralized tissue and the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the top of the bone crest around the upper second molar; 2) Histometry to evaluate the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate associated with the periodontium (Matrix, vessels, inflammatory cells). Based on the analyzes carried out, it was observed that, in the microtomographic analysis, the CTR/H group presented greater distances from the top of the bone crest to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ-CO) and smaller volumes of bone tissue than the other groups (p<0.05 ). Furthermore, in the stereometric analysis, there was a greater amount of inflammatory infiltrate and smaller amounts of connective tissue matrix in the CTR/H group compared to the other groups (p<0.05). It is concluded, then, that laser therapy improves periodontal healing in hyperglycemic animals that were submitted to experimental periodontitis.