Destilação de mostos da fermentação alcoólica para produção de etanol hidratado

Abstract

Biofuels, such as ethanol, have been used to replace fossil fuels, bringing benefits to the environment not only for the preservation of these resources, but also for the reduction of gases that cause the greenhouse effect. Ethanol can be produced from amylaceous raw materials such as corn, cellulosics such as sugarcane bagasse and saccharines such as sugar beet, with sugarcane being the most widely used in Brazil. The process of producing this fuel is given for sugar cane through the extraction of sucrose, fermentation and distillation to obtain hydrous ethanol. The hydrated ethanol has about 95.1 to 96% ethanol and 4 to 4.9% water. It is much consumed in Brazil as a fuel in automobiles, mainly due to the lower cost, compared to gasoline. The sugar and alcohol industries have been growing a lot in recent years, seeking to optimize the production processes to obtain a better quality product. The process of production of hydrated ethanol consists of several stages, the present work aims to make a bibliographical review on all stages for the production of ethanol, from the reception of sugarcane to distillation for the production of ethanol, as well as to present data on the market and fuel production in the country.