Fertilizante organomineral inoculado com microrganismos na cultura da soja

Abstract

Organomineral fertilizers (FOM) are an alternative to mineral fertilizers (FM), in addition to enabling a sustainable destination for organic residue. Therefore, to evaluate the effect that FOMs on crops contribute to improve efficiency, as well as to consolidate and enhance their agricultural use on a large scale. The present work aimed to verify the effect of FOM inoculated with microorganisms and FM on soybean productivity, on the accumulation of leaf nutrients and on fertility of soil in two study sites: Paracatu/Mg and Ibiá/MG. The experimental design adopted was complete blocks with randomized treatments, in a 2 x 3 + 1 factorial scheme (fertilizer x dose + control). The FOM used is granulated and was formulated with cellulose residues added with MAP (phosphate) or KCl (potassium). The experimental design adopted in both trials was in randomized blocks with four replications, in a 2 x 3 + 1 factorial scheme, corresponding to two sources of fertilizers (granulated organomineral with the addition of bacteria 05-26-0 + 0-0-32 and mineral with the addition of polymer 10-52-00 + 00-00-60) and the second factor corresponding to three doses of phosphorus and potassium (50, 75 and 100 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and K2O). The FOM used was formulated with cellulose residues added with MAP (phosphate) or KCl (potassium). As FM, these same isolated sources were used.The experiment was conducted during the 2020/21 harvest. Foliar analyzes were performed on young leaves after 60 days of sowing. At the end of the cycle, yield (kg ha-1), grain weight in 10 plants and weight of 1000-grains were measured. Soil analyzes were also performed later for each treatment. For the city of Paracatu, the productivity among the sources differed only at the dose of 75 kg ha-1, being 31.6% higher with the use of FOM, in relation to the FM. For Ibiá, the FOM was higher at the doses of 50 and 75 kg ha-1, but it presented a lower productivity at the dose of 100 kg ha-1. The highest productivity in Paracatu, with the application of FOM, was due to the increase in the number of grains per plant. As for the foliar analysis, there was a significant difference for the parameters N, P and K foliar, in Ibiá, being greater with the application of mineral fertilizer. Soil analyzes showed that there was little change in soil fertility with the application of fertilizers. Considering the productivity results found, FOM is a viable alternative to replace FM, achieving good increments even at lower doses of the input.