Identificação de salmonella spp. e campylobacter spp. em mamíferos e tratadores do zoológico municipal de Uberlândia

Abstract

One Health is the integration of animal, human and environmental health in order to obtain a better response in the prevention and control of problems of universal scope, such as zoonotic diseases and antimicrobial resistance. The bacteria of the genera Salmonella spp. and Campylobacterspp. are zoonoses that can cause gastrointestinal disease to humans and animals, so that one form of transmission occurs by oral-fecal direct or by ingestion of the microorganism, mainly by water and/or contaminated food. The contact of humans with reservoirs, such as zoo mammals and their handlers, can constitute a form of transmission of these pathogens. Both salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis are self-limiting, but in some cases antimicrobial treatment is recommended, although the increase in bacterial resistance generates a constant concern for public health. Therefore, it is relevant to perform the epidemiological evaluation of the possible transmission of these animal-human-animal pathogens. Thus, the study aimed to identify the presence of Salmonella and Campylobacter in fecal samples of mammals of the Municipal Zoo of Uberlândia and their respective handlers, determine the seasonal character and evaluate the resistance profile of isolated strains. A total of 120 samples were collected from which the phenotypic identification tests were performed, by means of bacterial isolation with specific means for each microorganism. Subsequently, confirmation was performed by genotypic identification, by conventional PCR, followed by the minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC) for six classes of antimicrobials for both genders. The confirmation allowed the identification of 13/120 (10.8%) strains of Salmonella spp. and 2/120 (1.7%) Campylobacter spp. all animals and asymptomatic humans, which shows the possible status of reservoirs/carriers, without seasonal influence on prevalence (p>0.05). The analysis of the serovars of the three strains of Salmonella spp. animals classified as Salmonella enterica not belonging to the subspecies enterica, wild and exotic animals being reservoirs of these microorganisms. The least effective drugs for the control of Salmonella were ampicillin and sulfonamide (p<0.05) with all resistant strains and the most effective was ciprofloxacin with 100% of susceptible strains (p<0.05). The two strains of Campylobacter spp. showed resistance to ampicillin and sulfonamide, as well as susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, being the multiresistant animal strain (MR) and the human strain co-resistant. In Salmonella, MR was present in 92.3% (12/13) of the strains. It is important to highlight the importance of controlling the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in veterinary practices in zoos, combined with the adoption of more effective methods of hygiene in order to reduce the risks of transmission of these pathogens.