Revisão literária sobre pancreatite aguda canina

Abstract

Acute canine pancreatitis is characterized by inflammation that is completely reversible after removal of the triggering cause. It is a very common disease among dogs, and can be considered to have a severity that varies from mild to severe. It can have an idiopathic etiology, due to ductal obstruction, hypersecretion or biliary reflex to the pancreatic duct, among others. Trauma, ischemia, hypercalcemia, drugs, infections and hypertriglyceridemia can be predisposing factors. The most common clinical signs include lethargy, anorexia, stooped posture, emesis, hematemesis, diarrhea, hematochezia, tachypnea, dilated abdomen, polyuria, and polydipsia. Physical examination findings are depression, dehydration, abdominal pain, tachycardia, prolonged capillary refill time, sticky mucous membranes, hypothermia, petechiae, jaundice, and ascites. In more severe cases of acute pancreatitis, the consequence can be a systemic inflammatory response, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and/or multiple organ failure. For diagnosis, abdominal ultrasound and lipase-like immunoreactivity are the main tests. The treatment of acute pancreatitis is based on intravenous fluid therapy, analgesia and nutritional support, individually adapted to each need. Therefore, an accurate early diagnosis is important, which guarantees a better prognosis and reduces mortality rates.