Aspectos silviculturais e do manejo de pragas aplicado em dez viveiros florestais no Brasil

Abstract

The success of a forestry enterprise depends, among other factors, on the good quality of the seedlings used in forest plantations. Poor quality seedlings, attacked by insects or affected by diseases, become more susceptible to biotic and abiotic factors in the environment when transplanted to the field. The bibliography on insect pests in forest nurseries is incomplete and often does not reflect the reality of different regions of Brazil and their specificities. Thus, the present study aims to raise aspects related to the management of insect pests currently adopted in forest nurseries in Brazil. For this, a survey of forest nurseries in the country was carried out, followed by a qualitative-quantitative evaluation of insect pest management. Thus, as a research instrument, a pre-established semi-open questionnaire was developed, composed of a mix of closed and open questions. With the data collected by the objective questions (closed questions), a descriptive analysis of the data was carried out, working the absolute values and percentages. Based on the answers to the subjective questions (open questions), content analysis and semantic analysis were performed. With the observed results, it was verified that 80% of these nurseries have a technical manager and registration with Renasem, with 80% of the technicians being agronomists and forestry engineers, 50% having sowing on the ground, 40% raised beds and 30% producing native or exotic or both. Difficulty in collecting and germinating seeds was reported, most produce their own substrate, 40% of nurseries are unaware of monitoring methods and 30% do not use any, with chemical and biological controls being the most used. Of those in charge, 70% do not know how to recognize the insect and 30% claim lack of knowledge. However, it is necessary an adequate management and the use of alternative controls to avoid the use of chemical products, conducive to maintaining the natural enemies, use other more efficient forms of monitoring and seek training for professionals in the area so that insects can be identified, in order to make the best decision in controlling these pests.