Resistência antimicrobiana em Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus spp. isolados de animais atendidos em hospital veterinário de 2016 a 2021

Abstract

Bacterial infections affecting various systems of domestic animals’ organism are amongst the main chief complaints bringing such patients to Veterinary Hospitals Several bacterial genres are involved in such infections, with Staphylococcus spp., and Escherichia coli amongst the most frequently reported. The emergence of antibiotics brought great perspectives towards human kind in terms of lowering morbimortality of bacterial infections. However, its indiscriminate usage has been promoting an uprising number of resistant bacteria to most of the commercially available antimicrobials, which can unfold severe sanitary crises. The vigilance over the rising of resistant strains is a crucial tool in the attempt to stop the complete obsolescence of all available antimicrobial classes. The present research aimed to produce a survey of all Staphylococcus spp. and E. coli isolates registered at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia (HOVET-UFU) between February 2016 and September 2021 and to analyze the available data about its antimicrobial resistance. The data were provided by the Laboratory of Infectocontagious Diseases (LADOC), which kept them systematized in a logbook for culture and antibiogram, and were then organized in spreadsheets, tables and graphics for further analysis. Staphylococcus spp., were isolated 474 times, from 12 different animal species and 26 different types of biological samples, which were tested for a few different antimicrobials amongst a total of 40 possible options. 200 of such isolates presented multi-drug resistance, according to the standards preconized by the National Agency of Sanitary Vigilance (ANVISA) which defines an isolate as multi-drug resistant when it presents resistance to antibiotics from 3 or more distinct antimicrobial classes. The most frequently tested antimicrobials were Amoxicillin + Clavulanate, Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin and Ampicillin. Variance analysis have showed statistically significant differences (p≤0,05-ANOVA) for Enrofloxacin, showing bigger resistance in 2017 when compared to 2016; Gentamicin, with bigger resistance in 2018 when compared to 2016; and Ampicillin, which showed smaller resistance in 2021 when compared to 2016, 2017 and 2020 and also resistance increase in 2020 when compared specifically to 2019. E. coli was isolated 99 times, from 10 different animal species and 19 different types of biological samples, from which 56 were considered multi-drug resistant. The most frequently tested antimicrobials were Enrofloxacin, Amoxicillin + Clavulanate, Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin and Gentamicin. Statistically significant difference (p≤0,05-ANOVA) was observed only for Ciprofloxacin which has shown decreased drug resistance in 2017 and 2020 when compared with the other years. Based on the presented data and results, it is possible to conclude that the present research provided valuable contribution for epidemiological vigilance towards the drug and multi-drug resistance in Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli, confirming the high rates of drug and multi-drug resistance for the tested antimicrobials.