Impactos da (des)consideração do ajuste a valor presente das operações de compras e de vendas de curto prazo sobre as demonstrações contábeis

Abstract

The present value (PV) applies to operations such as financing activities, which involves long-term purchases and sales, and short-term transactions if the PV effect is relevant, as established by the Financial Statement Committee, CPC 12. Regarding to relevance, the statement determines that the judgement is prerogative of those who prepare and audit the financial statements, and should take into consideration its effects on assets, liabilities, shareholders' equity and results before and after the adoption of the VP. The definition gap, however, about what should be considered a relevant effect, leaves it up to the judgment of the preparer and the auditor of the accounting information to adopt the VP, which can cause noise in the accounting communication process, once, in case of the VP absence, the results from purchasing and sales and from financial operations are mixed, and, therefore, the financial statements do not express the proper segregation between them. Thus, this work aims to investigate the impacts of the PV over short-term purchases and sales operations, in contexts of different amounts, terms and interest rates, on the income accounts and respective equity accounts involved, seeking to identify, measure and analyze the perceived variations, when adopting or not the PV, with a privileged focus on the effects over the net and operating profit accounts. Through a mixed research methodology, which includes semi-experimental design, involving deterministic and stochastic simulations, and a case study, it was found that the effects of the VP cause relevant impacts on the financial statements, especially in Gross Sales Revenue, Operating Income and Financial Result, from the financial statement. Although for some users the PV impact is not always relevant, from the perspective of others, especially the internal one, interested in the detail, in the real causes of performance, the information segregated from operating and financial results is extremely useful and, even insufficient, because more details is far beyond what the PV can offer are required (such as detailing the operating result between what arises from the purchase, production, sale, etc.). Thus, for those users, the PV is practically mandatory in any context, regardless of the relevance of its effects on the financial statements.