Fabricação Digital e o Projetar Sustentável: o uso de softwares de modelagem como estratégia para antever e minimizar os impactos ambientais da produção subtrativa.

Abstract

The revolution in manufacturing processes that have become digital, with machines controlled by computational parameters, contributed to the emergence of modeling software, in which creation has become much more complex. Thus, the relationship between design and production, where the designer controls the entire process, from creation to manufacture, is reconfigured. However, Digital Fabrication (FD) also presents many challenges to be overcome, especially those related to the environment. In the case of CNC milling machine production, it concerns the high volume of waste resulting from projects with high formal complexity, without the possibility of reuse. This master's research, with an exploratory theoretical basis and qualitative character, combines theoretical steps with practices. It aims to investigate the relationships between design and production, specifically those related to CNC milling processes, and interactivity with new digital modeling software, seeking to detect how digital applications can assist the design process in search of sustainability. The main objective is to study the already consolidated product design process (MANZINI; VEZZOLI, 2008) from the perspective of digital manufacturing oriented to complex small-scale projects, in order to subsidize the development ofsustainable projects aiming at subtractive manufacturing. In addition, it will make it possible to envision new sustainable design methods combined with digital technologies, guiding young designers and students in the design processes, and allowing them to achieve more integrated, systemic and eco-efficient solutions. The theoretical basis is based on the main themes: Digital manufacturing (KOLAREVIC, 2005; GERSHENFELD, 2012); Design and manufacturing process (SHINGO, 1996; LJUNGBERG, 2005); Modeling software (OOSTERHUIS, 2005; BLIKSTEIN, 2013) and Sustainability (WALKER, 2005; MANZINI, VEZZOLI, 2008). Considering that in Brazil the methodologies for digital manufacturing are still incipient, the research sought to investigate the performance of digital applications during the design process, presenting strategies of this approach in the sustainable scope and also contributing with a programmable code to work on the Grasshopper parametric plug-in contributing and facilitating the optimized product process.