Dados epidemiológicos nacionais de amputação e proposta de dispositivo para treinamento de usuários de próteses de membro superior

Abstract

Amputation rates in a country can be related to government policies, the prevalence of certain diseases and the educational level of the studied population. Brazil has the sixth largest population in the world and the current scarcity of statistical studies on amputation rates in the country may delay the insertion of technologies that improve techniques during motor rehabilitation. Thus, a survey of the national academic literature was carried out and compared with the reality of the amputation rates found. Since 2011, the Northeast region has had the highest incidence in total amputations, lower limbs and upper limbs. In 2019, the states of Alagoas and Sergipe had 27 amputations per 100,000 inhabitants and the literature of this region, in 20 years, is totally focused on the health area. The region with the largest number of publications in application of engineering in the field of motor rehabilitation in amputees is the Southeast region, totaling 7 articles in scientific journals. This fact shows that the technology is still little inserted in this area. The pre-prosthetic phase is one of the most important phases in rehabilitation because the longer the interval from the post-surgical phase to the beginning of rehabilitation, the less the potential to recover motor skills lost with amputation. Thus, the insertion of technology in this area can bring numerous benefits. Currently, there are active prostheses with myoelectric control that allow advances in the execution of increasingly mimetic movements with emphasis on healthy human members, but which unfortunately have a high acquisition cost. In this work, a proposal for a portable armband device was developed through the collection of detailed electromyographic information of the remaining muscles of the stump and spatial limb tracking, which allows integration with software, virtual prosthesis, serious games, beginning the rehabilitation, carrying the benefits of motor training from myoelectric control without the need for physical prosthesis.