Reflexões sobre critérios de acesso de geração fotovoltaica em âmbito nacional

Abstract

During the last few years the connections to the distribution grid by the distributed generation have grown in a dizzying way, driven in particular by recent regulatory frameworks, tax incentives and the acceleration of price reduction of the generation technology, making the cost-benefit ratio related to this type of generation prove increasingly advantageous. These new types of generation when framed according to Normative Resolution Nº. 482/2012 as minigeneration and microgeneration, have processes related to the requirements of connection to the grid simpler and less bureaucratic, so that fewer studies are needed and the whole connection process becomes more expeditious when compared to the connection process of concentrated generations. In this context, this work compares the process of connection to the grid of two projects of solar photovoltaic generation, which have the same amount of generation installed 20 MW, however, due to the possible location of connection to the network of these, separate processes of connection are adopted. One of the projects consists of the grouping of 4 GDs of the minigeneration type of 5 MW each, while the other is a 20 MW photovoltaic solar farm connected to the network adopting the procedures according to ONS regulations. As results of the work, analyzed, under the aspect of Power Quality, with special emphasis on harmonic distortions, the numerous differences found in the two regulatory processes as well as the degree of detail requirement of the studies. Thus, for projects of the same power, connected to similar points, different requirements and discrepant results were discovered when analyzing the normatives of the distributor and the regulations of the National Operator of the Brazilian Electric System.