Caracterização e evolução da inovação tecnológica e do apoio das políticas públicas na indústria brasileira de máquinas e equipamentos: uma análise a partir da Pesquisa de Inovação (PINTEC)

Abstract

The machinery and equipment industry plays a strategic role in the process of industrialization, growth and economic development of a country, supplying the other sectors with technology incorporated in machinery and equipment that transform the industrial productive dynamics and the economic system. Therefore, from the neoschumpeterian theoretical framework, this work aims to analyze the aspects that concern the evolution of technological innovation in the machinery and equipment sector, from the 2000s, as well as to compare the evolution of innovative activities of companies in this sector that have benefited from those not benefited by the government's innovation support programs. For this purpose, the data available from the last five editions of the Pesquisa de Inovação (PINTEC), from (2003), (2005), (2008), (2011) and (2014), in addition to others that were obtained by means of a special tabulation elaborated exclusively for this work by Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). The first of the hypotheses raised argues that, in terms of innovative activities, the machinery and equipment sector did not show significant evolution. The second hypothesis states that the innovative activities of firms in the machinery and equipment industry, benefited by the industrial policies of the 2000s, evolved in a higher proportion, compared to those not benefited by government support programs. The results obtained refute the first hypothesis by indicating that, although it is not possible to affirm that the measures outlined for the capital goods sector under the most recent industrial policies have been achieved, the sector has shown positive results regarding the evolution of innovation. For the second hypothesis raised, the results have positive effects on the Brazilian machinery and equipment industry during the extent of the programs, both in the breadth and expansion of the scope of support policies, and in the increase in the volume of resources and companies benefited by the programs. However, Brazil was not able to establish a machinery and equipment industry that would act as a driving force for the country's economic growth and development and was at the apex of the National Innovation System. Therefore, the need for industrial policies as an admixture of the growth and development of the national industry is emphasized, providing conditions that enable the machinery and equipment sector to generate more advanced levels of performance and technological capacity, capable of pulling the competitiveness and productivity and the sector.