Tratamento de águas residuais da indústria de petróleo pelo processo de separação por membranas

Abstract

The separation of water-oil emulsions is a complex phenomenon due to the structures and aggregations present in the emulsions. With the recurring production of industry residue and oil spills, it has become important to find a solution so that processes based on emulsion separations are optimized with lower costs and high efficiency. The produced water (PA) of processes that use oil as raw material is abundant with hydrocarbons and it has emulsions that take the shape of small particles that are very hard to be isolated. To overcome that, the membrane separation process has become an option because there is a great variety of membrane materials nowadays that can have hydrophile and hydrophobic properties. The main objective of this paper was to carry out a literature revision about the recent technological advancements that allow efficient separations utilizing membranes. They can be made with different materials like cellulose, ceramic, silicic, fibers, polymers and even nylon. It could also have various morphologies, from traditional membranes to frogspawn and mussel structures that have a bigger superficial contact area, among others.