Suplementação de glutamina e vitamina A em períodos críticos da gestação de fêmeas suínas

Abstract

With the development of genetic selection, the profile of females was changed, and its main characteristic was prolificity. Because of this fetal development was affected by the increase in the number of piglets which resulted in greater uterine competition for nutrients and space. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of glutamine and vitamin A supplementation in periods considered critical to embryonic and fetal survival and their influence on the reproductive and productive performance of females. Seventy - one large White X Landrace X Meishan X Jianjing breeding females and their respective litter from a commercial farm were analyzed. Females were divided into two groups: Control and Supplemented with Glutamine and Vitamin A. Supplementation was performed on top form, being added to the ration at the time of supply to the swine breeders, in the total amount 20g. The supplements followed the following dates of the gestational period: Vitamin A with: 12, 27 and 35 days of gestation and Glutamine with: 35, 55, 70 and 100 days of gestation. All supplements were provided on the day considered as the critical period of pregnancy and one day before and one day after this period. The number of total births, live births, mummifieds, stillbirths, average birth weight, placental weight, total litter weight, placental efficiency, weaning interval and the coefficient of variation of intra-litter birth weight of non-live piglets. Were affected by supplementation (P> 0.05). Supplementation with glutamine and vitamin A decreased the placental color score, the stillbirth coefficient of variation and the total litter weight coefficient of variation (P <0.05). The effects of supplementation were also evaluated based on female prolificacy, classified as high (> 14 live-born piglets) and low (≤14 live-born piglets). There was no effect of treatment or interaction between treatment and prolificity class on weight average number of piglets ≤1000g (P> 0.05). Weight, surface area, volume and ratio: surface area / volume of the non-supplemented mother group and supplemented mother group piglets showed no statistical difference between groups (P> 0.05). Supplementation of glutamine and vitamin A during the critical pregnancy periods was effective for placenta staining, which resulted in darker placentas and reduced the percentage of light piglets ≤1000g in the supplemented group in the high and low prolificity categories.