Trabalho, educação e consenso: apoio do Estado ao setor produtivo x geração de empregos e empregabilidade

Abstract

This research was carried out in order to better understand the policies elaborated by the State, which bring, in its core, the argument of incentive to employability and the reduction of social inequalities. As a result, the general objective of the research was both to investigate and analyze the work and integration processes present in food agro-industries in the Intermediate Geographical region of Uberlandia and their relationship with both professional training on IFTM campuses and tax incentives policies for employability and the reduction of social inequalities. The specific objectives of this research were: to discuss about the changes in the role of the State and the Process of Productive Restructuring since the 1990s, more specifically the changes in labor relations, education and public policies in favor of employability and reduction of social differences; describe the apparatus of tax incentives at the federal, state and municipal levels that the state grants to the productive sector, as well as the political and complementary incentive programs and affirmative measures for companies that promote employability programs; present the educational apparatus of training of the worker assembled by the Brazilian State from the 2000s in response to the market/capital demand; indicate and analyze the representation that the state has of these policies, as well as how the process of monitoring and evaluation of these policies occurs and also think and discuss about how these policies are naturalized within the society, creating a consensus on the social need of these measures. The initial hypothesis of the research was that, although food agro-industries are one of the most internalized branches of the industrial sector and the region has been privileged by the policy of expanding vocational and technological education, workers in the Intermediate Geographical region of Uberlandia aren’t included in the labour market effectively, in other words, they are not hired for jobs that require the level of education compatible with their education, because the productive sector prefers to hire people with higher education than the actual demands of activities, for the same market value, due to the large supply of highly skilled workers who are unemployed. As a secondary hypothesis we have that: it is a fallacy the political discourse of the minimal, managerial state, which argues that the state should concentrate its attributions on those minimum services necessary for the regular functioning of society, such as policing, armed forces, executive, legislative and judiciary powers etc. and to proceed with nonintervention in the direct economy, including the withdrawal from acting through state-owned companies, thus allowing individual freedom and competition among economic agents, and thus will allow, tthrough it’s absence in the market, competition, and, in turn, will generate more jobs. The research follows the historical-critical perspective. The results and conclusions allow to confirm the hypotheses raised and also allow us to evaluate that the proposed thesis is defensible. Studies show that economic issues stand out from social issues, even those related to professional insertion. It is a fact that for the productive sector to continue operating, it needs profit, capital accumulation and, therefore, employability is more related to economic issues than to issues related to vocational training. In this context, a reciprocity in the state's relations with the productive sector was identified. We believe that we have advanced in our way of understanding the object of study and hope that the research will enable the deepening of the problematized subject.