Ensaios sobre criatividade e economia: proposta teórica de análise, padrões setoriais, inovação e complexidade na indústria criativa brasileira

Abstract

This thesis it examines at relationship between creativity and economics, based on the proposal of creative industry concept. Also performs an analysis a of the pattern sectoral and inovative of the in the Brazilian creative industry. They were organized in three essays, guided by a theoretical argument and two empirical hypotheses. In the first essay, we developed a proposal for compatibility between the firm's microeconomic theory and the concept of multidimensional creativity linked to the psychodynamic theory of creativity. Recover the psychodynamic and multidimensional elements of human creativity to construct a concept of the creative industry capable of processing as theoretical inaccuracies of concepts based solely on the microeconomic approach of the neoclassical enterprise. As a result, a systemic representation of the creative process in the economy is elaborated, defining a creative industry around selected creative productions in the psychodynamic realm of culture, science and technology in an "evolutionary approach to creativity". In the second essay, analyze the occurrence of sectoral patterns in the Brazilian creative industry from the concept formulated in the first essay. One hypothesis is that the creative industry presents sectoral differences to the detriment of the type of creativity - culture, science and technology - inserted as resources in its production process. Admittedly, creative economic activities associated with industry may affect a scale-intensive and less skill-intensive pattern. Examination of these hypotheses is made possible by an empirical strategy based on factor analysis, clustering, data clustering and probit models. We used data from PIA, PAS and RAIS for the years 2010 to 2016. Four sectoral standards were found for the national creative industry, namely in turnover (scale), labor force (average of employed persons), technology (capital goods). capital) and scientific creativity. Overall, the reproduced sectoral patterns are rigid, with low sectoral indices in the period. Finally, no third essay investigates the innovative behavior of Brazil's creative industry, based on surveys provided by PINTEC for the years 2011 and 2014. Specifically, it compares the innovation indicators of the creative industry to the traditional innovative industry. uses the occurrence of innovative standards. This essay has been tested on the hypothesis that industrialists in the creative industry are less complex and sophisticated, so that the innovative process stems more from external sources and external factors than from firms that make up the creative economic sectors. The empirical strategy adopted was a variance and multivariate analysis to specify regularities in the data set. It also specified an algorithm for artificial neural networks to identify or degree of complexity of the innovative outcome of creative sectors. The results found selected that the analyzed sectors present a heterogeneous innovative behavior, with different patterns of innovative behavior, being the greatest heterogeneity observed for resources with sources of innovation. The implementation of organizational innovations is also the most complex in this industry, as it involves multiple interactions between the innovative resources present in the sectors analyzed.