Perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos lactentes beneficiados com o Palivizumabe e adesão à profilaxia em um município do interior de Minas Gerais

Abstract

Introduction: Airway infections (AI) in children constitute situations of relevance to Brazilian and global public health, especially those causes by Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Due to high morbidity and mortality in the early childhood period, especially infants who were born premature, it is relevant to study the adherence to Palivizumab (PVZ) of premature newborns under 28 weeks of gestational age (GA), infants with chronic lung disease (CLD) and congenital heart disease (CHD). Objective: To verify clinical aspects, and adherence to PVZ of premature infants born up to 28 gestational weeks and children with CLD and CHD (who have the right to receive prophylaxis) living in Uberlandia, Minas Gerais (MG), from 2011 to 2018. Methodology: This is descriptive and cross-sectional research. Information was collected from medical records of premature and infants with CHD and CLD who received the PVZ in the public health network. The supply of the PVZ is provided from a list of patients designated by the State Department of Health of MG. The inclusion criteria of this study were premature infants born and living in Uberlandia, MG, who have an indication to PVZ, as well as children with CHD and CLD who have the right to receive prophylaxis. The variables collect were: sex, GA, birth weight, underlying diseases, chronic diseases, twinning, hospital segment, hospital segment time, symptoms and drug therapy, and information about the use of PVZ. This study received approval from the Ethics Committee on Research with Human Beings under the number 3.268.624. Results: A sample of 253 medical records of live births was obtained from 2011 and 2018. The rate of male births is predominant, however, the highest rate of gemelars is female. Among the eligibility criteria of PVZ were found 150 premature, 144 CHD and 130 CLD. In addition to the association of the three chronic conditions, associations with other diseases were found. Regarding health care, most children had prematurity as a diagnosis, followed by CLD, CHD and AI. In the clinical management of infants treated at the Hospital of Clinical of Uberlandia during hospitalizations, the main drug therapies and symptoms of relevance to the study were categorized. The survey showed worrying data regarding the lack of full adherence to PVZ. Conclusion: The lack of full adherence to PVZ is an important finding. The incidence of AI was low, even considering children who did not have full adherence. It is extremely important that health professionals act in the screening and orientation of families without adherence.