Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de crianças e adolescentes portadores de cardiopatia congênita: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: The Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is one of the malformations that usually develops in the newborn and has an incidence of 4 to 19 / 1,000 live births. Assess the quality of life (QOL) of children and adolescents diagnosed with CHD enables better conduct by health professionals considering that QOL involves the physical, psychological, social, environmental and spiritual aspects of chronic children. Objective: To find in the literature how the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) constructo of children and adolescents with CHD measured by means of specific instruments and questionnaires. Methods: integrative literature review using the descriptors “cardiopathy/cardiopatia”, “quality of life/qualidade de vida”, “teenager/adolescente” and “children/crianças linked by the Boolean operator “AND” in the PUBMED database (US National Library of Medicine), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature) in the Virtual Health Library Research Portal, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Articles published between 2014 and 2019, available in full, in Portuguese, Spanish, and English were considered. Results: We found 357 articles, but after filters only four articles were included in this integrative review, 3 from the PUBMED database and 1 in LILACS. The proposed methodologies were transverse studies, quantitative and descriptive.. Conclusions: The CHD affect negatively children and adolescents at the physical, school, social and psychosocial levels. These results are extremely important regarding the continuous and integral care of children and adolescents with CHD, indicating that the study population should be approached by a specialized multidisciplinary team, seeking harm reduction (psychobiological and psychosocial) and increased HRQoL.