Determinação do teor de compostos fenólicos, flavonoides, antocianinas e atividade antioxidante de extratos brutos metanólico para folha e etanólico para casca de Caryocar brasiliense

Abstract

Caryocar brasiliense, popularly known as Pequi, is a Cerrado plant widely used in traditional medicine. A phytochemical analysis of plant species is important to know their secondary metabolites that can be effective in the treatment of different pathologies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of total phenolic compounds, total anthocyanins and flavonoids and to analyze the antioxidant activity in the raw extracts of Pequi leaves and bark. The extracts were prepared from leaves and bark by extraction by ultrasonic bath or magnetic stirring. For a used sheet or 100% methanol solvent and for a 96% ethanol shell. Phenolic compounds were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, anthocyanins and flavonoids by the method described by Lees and Francis. An antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH method. One leaf shows the highest content of phenolic compounds and total flavonoids than the bark for both extraction methods. Allocating anthocyanin content, both crude leaf extract and bark), there was no statistically significant difference between them (p <0.05), except for the (CAP). We observed that the leaf (FUP) has the highest antioxidant activity in the variations of 12.5, 25 and 50 µg / ml, with values of 15%, 32.4% and 72.2% respectively. These results can be explained by the concentration of total phenolics in pequi leaves, which have great capacity to donate electrons to the radical DPPH and stabilize it. Therefore, this species has antioxidant compounds that can sequester free radicals under in vitro conditions.