Análise topográfica entre os nervos alveolar inferior e facial: proposta de um dispositivo otimizador de técnica anestésica

Abstract

There are many procedures performed in dentistry, and most of them require previous anesthesia of some area or region to minimize or relieve pain. Inappropriate procedure of anesthesia may cause injure to the patient, from unsuccessful desensitization to anesthesia of unwanted regions. The present research dealt with a study about on the topographic relationship between the final end of the lingula that totally or partially covers the mandibular foramen (inferior alveolar nerve entrance), and the anterior and posterior edges of the mandible branch, observing the trajectory of the facial nerve branches, relating to the position of the syringe and the needle to perform the inferior alveolar nerve block, aiming to propose a device that optimizes the performance of this technique. Thirty macerated adult mandibles were used and two measurements were performed with a digital caliper: 1- the distance between the anterior border of the mandibular branch and the final extremity of the língula; 2- the distance between the final end of the língula and the posterior edge of the branch. A computer was used to analyze images of the photographed mandibles due to measure the angle formed between a line drawn from the premolars to the anterior border of the branch and another line drawn between the premolars and the final end of the lingula was calculated. For the right antimer, 33.33% of the angles found were in the range 6°-7 °, and 23.33% between 9°-10 °. To the left, 30.00% were in the range between 5°-6°, and 23.33% between 7°-8°. From these data a device was proposed, which directs the positioning of the carpule and needle set within this angle range (5º-10º), optimizing the execution of the inferior alveolar nerve block.