Cardiotoxicidade em mulheres com câncer de mama que utilizaram doxorrubicina: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Chemotherapy is the method used for cancer treatment and the increase in survival of these patients can present diseases of the cardiovascular system concerned with this issue was created an international association of onco-cardiology. For the treatment of breast cancer chemotherapy is often used, including doxorubicin (doxo), which may cause cardiotoxicity. Doxorubicin has a limited clinical value in view of its high cardiotoxic potential, depending on the dose can lead to irreversible heart failure and poor prognosis in treatment. Objectives: The objective of this research is to identify the knowledge and to describe the Cardiotoxicity in Women with Breast Neoplasia who used doxorubicin in their chemotherapy protocol. Methodology This is an Integrative Revision (IR) of the literature, conducted through six stages, being: theme selection; research in scientific databases; categorization of studies; analysis of included studies; interpretation of results; and RI presentation. An advanced search was carried out in the computerized databases of the Virtual Health Library (BVS-BIREME): Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE). With descriptors cardiotoxicity, breast neoplasm and doxorubiciana. Another search was carried out in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) with descriptors Cardiotoxicity and Breast Neoplasia. The inclusion criteria established were: primary articles published from 2011 to 2017, available in full, in Portuguese and English. The exclusion criteria were: literature review, case study, repeated, paid, not meeting the research objectives. The sample consisted of 8 (eight). Results and Discussion: The analysis of the articles allowed us to compose the following categories: 1) Drugs inducing cardiotoxicity in the therapy for breast neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS These patients should have a thorough clinical examination in the cardiovascular system to provide treatment conditions minimizing risk and surveillance conditions when administering cardiotoxic drugs. However, the problem in cancer treatment has an impact on quality and survival, and seek means for early diagnosis such as imaging tests such as echocardiography, nuclear magnetic resonance and more invasive methods such as endomyocardial biopsy, however the most used and the evaluation of the fraction of left ventricular ejection and has been addressed in several studies. The search for evidence pointed to the prevention of cardiac lesions with biomarkers aiding in the anticipation of lesions and early intervention on cardiotoxic drugs.