Avaliação das orientações de enfermagem fornecidas para o autocuidado no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca

Abstract

Introduction: Among the non-communicable chronic diseases as highlighted as cardiovascular diseases, as they are responsible for 30% of all deaths in Brazil, and are the ones that have a higher incidence in hospital admissions and what has been occurring. Cardiac surgery may be an alternative to cardiovascular treatment, but it is a surgery to relieve pain to the patient, it is a stressful time. The individual affected by cardiovascular diseases demands a range of nursing care such as those special care as guidelines, where the act of just passing on the information does not fulfill the role of healing as any reservations that can be generated by the client, leave the even more anxious Objective: To identify self-care guidelines for the postoperative period are important for the examination with cardiac surgery and to evaluate if these guidelines are prepared by the nursing team. Methodology: Patients without mental incapacity were included who agreed to participate in the study and to sign the Informed Consent Term, after choosing the term. Data were collected in two phases (hospital and outpatient) for 12 months (June 2016 to June 2017). Results: A total of 39 individuals admitted to cardiac surgery who entered the Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia, were predominantly males, with a mean age of 57 years, the main comorbidity found was systemic arterial hypertension, the major surgery reason found was myocardial revascularization. Most of the individuals considered it very important to receive self-care guidelines for the postoperative period, such as: physical activity, feeding, surgical wound care, leisure, sexual activity, social support, daily life activities, medications and psychological guidelines. It was possible to observe that nursing orientations are provided mainly in T2, that is, between hospital discharge and the first outpatient visit, since 100% of the participants claimed to receive nursing guidance in this period. It is analyzed that the nursing orientations that are most provided to the individuals submitted to cardiac surgery refer to sexual activity (91%), surgical wound care (78%), physical activity (71%), social support), activities of daily living (70%), leisure (65%) and food (58%), however, there was a deficiency in medication guidelines (36%) and psychological support (26%). be passed on by the nursing team. Conclusion: We observed that among the self-care guidelines for postoperative care provided to individuals undergoing cardiac surgery, those related to sexual activity, surgical wound care, physical activity, social support, daily life activities, and however, a deficiency in the transfer of medication guidelines and psychological support by the nursing team was demonstrated. It is identified that nursing orientations are provided mainly between hospital discharge and the first outpatient visit, 100% of the participants received guidance by the nursing team in this period.