Análise morfométrica, histológica e de colágeno em feridas cutâneas de coelhos tratadas e não tratadas com plasma rico em plaquetas de equino

Abstract

Autologous platelet-rich plasma is important in the cicatricial process of reconstructive surgeries, aiding in the stimulation of angiogenesis. However, heterologous plasma has been shown to be more effective. Collagen is synthesized and secreted into the extracellular space and organized into striated fibrils according to the type of tissue. The objective was to evaluate the macroscopic and histological aspects of two dermal wounds on rabbits, one of which was treated with equines platelet-rich plasma. Additionally, we evaluated the percentage of collagen in these wounds. In order to achieve this, we used 24 New Zealand rabbits that were 12 months old and had a body weight of approximately 3.0 kg. The animals were separated into four groups of equal numbers and were subjected to skin removal on the thoracic dorsal midline (treated wound) and the lumbar region (control wound). To the wound receiving treatment, equine platelet-rich plasma and ointment containing gentamicin, sulfanilamide, sulfadiazine, urea, and vitamin A were applied. To the control wound, only the ointment was applied. Samples from group I were collected from the dermal tissue for histological evaluation three days postoperatively, from group II after seven days, from group III after 14 days and from group IV after 21 days. After the evaluation period of each group, a dermal fragment was collected for histological evaluation. The percentage of collagen and the diameter and density of the collagen fibril were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. The associated use of equine heterologous platelet-rich plasma with the ointment containing gentamicin, sulfanilamide, sulfadiazine, urea, and vitamin A in surgically induced dermal wounds, proved to be effective for the maturation of collagen fibrils and anticipation of the cicatricial process.